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Location:
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Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama
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Geographic coordinates:
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4 00 N, 72 00 W
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Map references:
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south america
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Area:
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total: 1,138,910 sq km
land: 1,038,700 sq km
note: includes Isla de Malpelo, Roncador Cay, Serrana Bank, and Serranilla Bank
water: 100,210 sq km
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Area - comparative:
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slightly less than three times the size of Montana
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Land boundaries:
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total: 6,004 km
border countries: Brazil 1,643 km, Ecuador 590 km, Panama 225 km, Peru 1,496 km (est.), Venezuela 2,050 km
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Coastline:
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3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km)
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Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
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Climate:
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tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands
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Terrain:
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flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Pico Cristobal Colon 5,775 m
note: nearby Pico Simon Bolivar also has the same elevation
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Natural resources:
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petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower
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Land use:
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arable land: 2.42%
other: 95.91% (2001)
permanent crops: 1.67%
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Irrigated land:
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8,500 sq km (1998 est.)
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Natural hazards:
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highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts
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Environment - current issues:
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deforestation; soil and water quality damage from overuse of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
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Geography - note:
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only South American country with coastlines on both North Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea
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