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Location:
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Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean
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Geographic coordinates:
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5 00 S, 120 00 E
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Map references:
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southeast asia
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Area:
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total: 1,919,440 sq km
water: 93,000 sq km
land: 1,826,440 sq km
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Area - comparative:
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slightly less than three times the size of Texas
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Land boundaries:
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total: 2,830 km
border countries: East Timor 228 km, Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua New Guinea 820 km
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Coastline:
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54,716 km
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Maritime claims:
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measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
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Climate:
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tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands
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Terrain:
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mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Puncak Jaya 5,030 m
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Natural resources:
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petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver
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Land use:
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arable land: 11.32%
permanent crops: 7.23%
other: 81.45% (2001)
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Irrigated land:
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48,150 sq km (1998 est.)
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Natural hazards:
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occasional floods, severe droughts, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes, forest fires
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Environment - current issues:
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deforestation; water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage; air pollution in urban areas; smoke and haze from forest fires
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Marine Life Conservation
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Geography - note:
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archipelago of 17,508 islands (6,000 inhabited); straddles equator; strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean
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