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Location:
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Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine
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Geographic coordinates:
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46 00 N, 25 00 E
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Map references:
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europe
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Area:
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total: 237,500 sq km
land: 230,340 sq km
water: 7,160 sq km
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Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than Oregon
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Land boundaries:
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total: 2,508 km
border countries: Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia and Montenegro 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km
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Coastline:
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225 km
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Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
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Climate:
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temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms
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Terrain:
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central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Black Sea 0 m
highest point: Moldoveanu 2,544 m
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Natural resources:
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petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower
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Land use:
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arable land: 40.82%
permanent crops: 2.25%
other: 56.93% (2001)
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Irrigated land:
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28,800 sq km (1998 est.)
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Natural hazards:
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earthquakes, most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides
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Environment - current issues:
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soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
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Geography - note:
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controls most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine
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