|
GDP:
|
purchasing power parity - $27.88 billion (2003 est.)
|
|
GDP - real growth rate:
|
23.1% (2003 est.)
|
|
GDP - per capita:
|
purchasing power parity - $5,800 (2003 est.)
|
|
GDP - composition by sector:
|
agriculture: 24.8%
industry: 46.2%
services: 28.9% (2003 est.)
|
|
Investment (gross fixed):
|
19.5% of GDP (2003)
|
|
Population below poverty line:
|
34.4% (2001 est.)
|
|
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
|
lowest 10%: 2.6%
highest 10%: 31.7% (1998)
|
|
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|
40.8 (1998)
|
|
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|
9.5% (2003 est.)
|
|
Labor force:
|
2.34 million (1996)
|
|
Labor force - by occupation:
|
agriculture 48%, industry 15%, services 37% (1998 est.)
|
|
Unemployment rate:
|
NA
|
|
Budget:
|
revenues: $3.477 billion
expenditures: $3.908 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)
|
|
Industries:
|
natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing
|
|
Industrial production growth rate:
|
14% (2003 est.)
|
|
Electricity - production:
|
10.18 billion kWh (2001)
|
|
Electricity - production by source:
|
fossil fuel: 99.9%
hydro: 0.1%
other: 0% (2001)
nuclear: 0%
|
|
Electricity - consumption:
|
8.509 billion kWh (2001)
|
|
Electricity - exports:
|
980 million kWh (2001)
|
|
Electricity - imports:
|
20 million kWh (2001)
|
|
Oil - production:
|
162,500 bbl/day (2001 est.)
|
|
Oil - consumption:
|
63,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
|
|
Oil - exports:
|
NA (2001)
|
|
Oil - imports:
|
NA (2001)
|
|
Oil - proved reserves:
|
273 million bbl (1 January 2002)
|
|
Natural gas - production:
|
48.2 billion cu m (2001 est.)
|
|
Natural gas - consumption:
|
9.6 billion cu m (2001 est.)
|
|
Natural gas - exports:
|
38.6 billion cu m (2001 est.)
|
|
Natural gas - imports:
|
0 cu m (2001 est.)
|
|
Natural gas - proved reserves:
|
1.43 trillion cu m (1 January 2002)
|
|
Agriculture - products:
|
cotton, grain; livestock
|
|
Current account balance:
|
$957 million (2003)
|
|
Exports:
|
$3.355 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
|
|
Exports - commodities:
|
gas 57%, oil 26%, cotton fiber 3%, textiles 2% (2001)
|
|
Exports - partners:
|
Ukraine 39.3%, Italy 18.2%, Iran 14.8%, Turkey 6.5% (2003 est.)
|
|
Imports:
|
$2.472 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
|
|
Imports - commodities:
|
machinery and equipment 60%, foodstuffs 15% (1999)
|
|
Imports - partners:
|
Russia 21.5%, Ukraine 15.3%, Turkey 9.5%, UAE 7.6%, Germany 4.2%, China 4.2% (2003 est.)
|
|
Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:
|
$2.696 billion (2003)
|
|
Debt - external:
|
$2.4 billion to $5 billion (2001 est.)
|
|
Economic aid - recipient:
|
$16 million from the US (2001)
|
|
Currency:
|
Turkmen manat (TMM)
|
|
Currency code:
|
TMM
|
|
Exchange rates:
|
Turkmen manats per US dollar - 5,200 (2003), 5,200 (2002), 5,200 (2001), 5,200 (2000), 5,200 (1999);note - the official exchange rate has not varied for the last six years; the unofficial rate has fluctuated slightly, hovering around 21,000 manats to the dollar
|
